New research has uncovered a link between genes that protect against heavy drinking and other health conditions. While these genes are well-known for their role in preventing alcoholism, they may also be associated with heart disease and mental health issues. Scientists conducted a large-scale DNA analysis, examining over 3 million genetic records and focusing on variations in genetic code known as SNPs. These SNPs have been previously linked to lower alcohol consumption and a reduced risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD). These “lightweight” genes can cause unpleasant reactions to alcohol, such as nausea, which act as a deterrent to overconsumption.

The study, led by a group at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine and recently published in the Lancet eBioMedicine, suggests that these genes may be involved in other health areas beyond just alcohol use. The researchers found connections to conditions such as heart disease and mental health issues, though further investigation is needed to understand the nature of these links. According to the corresponding author and associate professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, individuals who have a minor allele variant of the SNP convert ethanol to acetaldehyde very rapidly, causing negative effects like nausea that overshadow any pleasurable effects of alcohol. The study classified individuals broadly into European, Latin American, and African American groups based on genetic data.